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This site contains hyperspectral image data. The images were acquired using a custom hyperspectral camera. The camera design is still evolving. A description of the initial camera design and characterization of its performance for digital camera simulation is presented in Vora et al [1]. Further use of images of this sort for camera simulation are described in [11].
These images were acquired by myself and my colleagues. The image data are publicly available for research, teaching, and product development. If you use the images as part of published research, you should cite us just as you do when you use data from any other source. The appropriate general citation is:
[0] D. H. Brainard, Hyperspectral Image Data, http://color.psych.upenn.edu//hyperspectral/.
The images on the individual pages were generally collected as part of specific research projects. Each page provides further suggestions for appropriate citations.
[1] Vora, P. L., Harville, M. L., Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (1997). Image capture: synthesis of sensor responses from multispectral images. Proceedings of the 1997 IS&T/SPIE Conference on Electronic Imaging, (San Jose, CA, February 10-14, 1997), 3018, 2-11.
[2] Vora, P. L., Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (1997). Linear models for digital cameras. Proceedings of the 1997 IS&T 50th Annual Conference, (Cambridge, MA, May 18-23, 1997), 377-382.
[3] Vora, P. L., Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (1997) Digital color cameras. 1. Response models. Hewlett-Packard Laboratory Technical Report, Number HPL-97-53.
[4] Vora, P. L., Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (1997) Digital color cameras. 2. Spectral response. Hewlett-Packard Laboratory Technical Report, Number HPL-97-54.
[5] Brainard, D. H., Brunt, W. A., and Speigle, J.M. (1997). Color constancy in the nearly natural image. 1. Asymmetric matches. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 14, 2091-2110.
[6] Speigle, J. M. and Brainard, D. H. (1996). Luminosity thresholds: effects of test chromaticity and ambient illumination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 13, 436-451.
[7] Brainard, D. H., Rutherford, M. D., and Kraft, J. M. (1997). Color constancy compared: experiments with real images and color monitors. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Supplement, 38, S476.
[8] Bergen, J. R., Anandan, P., Hanna, K., and Hingorani R. (1992). Hierarchical model-based motion estimation. Proceedings of Second European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer-Verlag, 237-252.
[9] Vora, P. L., Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (1998) Image Capture: Modelling and calibration of sensor responses and their synthesis from multispectral images. Hewlett-Packard Laboratory Technical Report, Number HPL-98-187.
[10] Vora, P.L, Farrell, J. E., Tietz, J. D., and Brainard, D. H. (2001). Image capture: simulation of sensor responses from hyperspectral images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10, 307-316.
[11] Longere, P. and Brainard, D. H. (2001). Simulation of digital camera images from hyperspectral input. In Vision Models and Applications to Image and Video Processing. C. van den Branden Lambrecht (ed.), Kluwer. 123-150.
J. E. Farrell, E. A. Harding, J. M. Kraft, M. D. Rutherford, J. D. Tietz, and P. L. Vora helped with camera design, camera calibration, and/or image acquisition. The work was supported primarily by a philanthropic gift from the Hewlett-Packard Corporation.